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Main features of CNC machine tools

2021-09-15

The operation and monitoring of CNC machine tools are all completed in this CNC unit, which is the brain of CNC machine tools. Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

1. It has strong adaptability to processing objects, adapts to the characteristics of single-piece production of molds and other products, and provides suitable processing methods for mold manufacturing;

2. High machining precision and stable machining quality;

3. It can carry out multi-coordinate linkage, and can process parts with complex shapes;

4. When the machining parts are changed, generally only the numerical control program needs to be changed, which can save production preparation time;

5. The machine tool itself has high precision and high rigidity, can choose favorable processing amount, and has high productivity (generally 3 to 5 times that of ordinary machine tools);

6. The machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce labor intensity;

7. It is conducive to the modernization of production management. CNC machine tools use digital information and standard codes to process and transmit information, and use computer control methods, which lays the foundation for the integration of computer-aided design, manufacturing and management;

8. Higher quality requirements for operators and higher technical requirements for maintenance personnel;

9. High reliability.

Compared with traditional machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics.

1. Highly flexible

Machining parts on CNC machine tools mainly depends on the processing program. It is different from ordinary machine tools. It does not need to be manufactured, replace many molds and fixtures, and does not need to readjust the machine tool frequently. Therefore, CNC machine tools are suitable for occasions where the processed parts are frequently replaced, that is, suitable for the production of single-piece, small batch products and the development of new products, thereby shortening the production preparation cycle and saving a lot of process equipment costs.

2. High machining accuracy

The machining accuracy of CNC machine tools can generally reach 0.05-0.1mm. The CNC machine tools are controlled in the form of digital signals. Each time the CNC device outputs a pulse signal, the moving parts of the machine tool move by a pulse equivalent (usually 0.001mm), and the machine tool advances. The backlash of the transmission chain and the average error of the screw pitch can be compensated by the numerical control device, so the positioning accuracy of the numerical control machine tool is relatively high.

3. Stable and reliable processing quality

Machining the same batch of parts, on the same machine tool, under the same processing conditions, using the same tool and processing program, the tool travel path is exactly the same, the consistency of the parts is good, and the quality is stable.

4. High productivity

CNC machine tools can effectively reduce the processing time and auxiliary time of parts. The spindle sound speed and feed range of CNC machine tools are large, allowing the machine tool to perform powerful cutting with a large amount of cutting. CNC machine tools are entering the era of high-speed machining. The rapid movement and positioning of moving parts of CNC machine tools and high-speed cutting have greatly improved productivity. In addition, when used in conjunction with the tool magazine of the machining center, it can realize continuous processing of multiple processes on one machine tool, reduce the turnaround time between processes of semi-finished products, and improve productivity.

5. Improve working conditions

Before the CNC machine tool is adjusted, the program is input and started, and the machine tool can automatically and continuously process until the end of the process. What the operator has to do is only program input, editing, parts loading and unloading, tool preparation, processing state observation, parts inspection, etc. The labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the labor of machine tool operators tends to be intellectual work. In addition, machine tools are generally combined, which is both clean and safe.

6. Utilize the modernization of production management

The processing of CNC machine tools can accurately estimate the processing time in advance, standardize and modernize the tools and fixtures used, and easily realize the standardization of processing information. It has been organically combined with computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), It is the basis of modern integrated manufacturing technology.

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How to reduce the error of workpiece machining by vertical machining center

For any processing equipment, when there are problems with workpiece processing, such as processing route setting, processing program preparation, processing tool selection, machine tool problems, clamping problems and workpiece material, it will affect the processing accuracy and processing efficiency of the workpiece. As a high-precision processing equipment, the commonly used methods of reducing the machining error of the workpiece mainly include the original error reduction method, the error compensation method, the error transfer method, the error grouping method, the error average method and the error synthesis method. 1. Error synthesis method Reducing the error of the machine tool itself is the main method to ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece. The error synthesis method requires measuring the original errors of each axis of the machine tool. Laser interferometer is the main detection instrument of vertical machining center because of its high measurement accuracy and flexible use. 2. Error compensation method The error compensation method is to artificially create an error to offset the original error inherent in the process system, or to use one original error to offset another original error, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece of the vertical machining center. Usually, by reducing the clearance of the machine tool, improving the rigidity of the machine tool, and using preload to generate a preload force for the relevant fit, the effect of the clearance is reduced. It can also improve the rigidity of the workpiece and the tool and reduce the overhang length of the tool and the workpiece to improve the rigidity of the process system. It is also possible to adopt reasonable clamping methods and processing methods, reduce cutting force and its changes, reasonably select tool materials, increase rake angle and main declination angle, and conduct reasonable heat treatment of workpiece materials to improve the processing performance of materials, etc. a method. 3. Directly reduce the original error method The method of directly reducing the original error refers to trying to directly reduce or reduce the main original error factors that affect the machining accuracy after identifying the main original error factors. For example, after the vertical machining center is used for a long time, the positioning of the transmission system and the backlash caused by natural wear and tear are inaccurate. Fourth, the error average method The error average method is to use the mutual comparison and mutual correction between the closely related surfaces, or use the mutual benchmark for processing, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the processing error of the vertical machining center. 5. Error transfer method The essence of the error transfer method is the comprehensive error caused by the collective error, force deformation and thermal deformation of the transfer process system. For example, when a vertical machining center performs some hole processing, the coaxiality of the workpiece is not guaranteed by the rotation accuracy of the machine tool spindle, but by the fixture. When the machine tool spindle and the workpiece are connected by floating, the original error of the machine tool spindle will no longer be Affect the machining accuracy, and transfer to the fixture to ensure the machining accuracy. 6. Error grouping method In the machining of vertical machining center, the machining error of this process is caused due to the existence of process blank error. The change of blank error has two main influences on this process: reaction error and positioning error. If the above error is too large, the machining accuracy cannot be guaranteed, and it is unrealistic to improve the blank accuracy or the machining accuracy of the previous process. At this time, the error grouping method can be used, that is, the blank or the previous process size is divided into n groups according to the size of the error, the error of each group of blanks is reduced to the original 1/n, and then the relative position of the tool and the workpiece is adjusted according to each group. Adjust the positioning elements, so that the size dispersion range of the whole batch of workpieces can be greatly reduced. The essence of the error grouping method is to make up for the lack of machining accuracy by means of improving the measurement accuracy, so as to reduce the influence of machining errors.

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